Forging is a processing method that uses forging machinery to apply pressure to metal blanks to make them undergo plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, certain shapes and sizes. It is one of the two major components of forging and stamping. Through forging, defects such as as-cast porosity generated during the smelting process of metals can be eliminated, and the microstructure can be optimized. At the same time, due to the preservation of a complete metal streamline, the mechanical properties of forgings are generally better than those of castings of the same material. For important parts with high loads and severe working conditions in related machinery, except for those with relatively simple shapes that can use rolled plates, profiles or welded parts, forgings are mostly used.
The initial recrystallization temperature of steel is about 727°C, but 800°C is generally used as the dividing line. Those above 800°C are hot forging; between 300-800°C it is called warm forging or semi-hot forging, and forging carried out at room temperature is calle cold forging. Forgings used in most industries are hot forging, and warm forging and cold forging are mainly used for forging parts such as automobiles and general machinery, and warm forging and cold forging can effectively save materials.
Compared with castings, the metal can improve its structure and mechanical properties after forging processing. The mechanical properties of castings are lower than the mechanical properties of forgings of the same material. In addition, forging processing can ensure the continuity of the metal fiber structure, so that the fiber structure of the forging is consistent with the shape of the forging, and the metal streamline is complete, which can ensure that the parts have good mechanical properties and a long service life. Forgings produced by processes such as precision die forging, cold extrusion, and warm extrusion are unmatched by castings.
Forgings are objects in which metals are subjected to pressure and shaped into the required shape or appropriate compressive force through plastic deformation. This kind of force is typically achieved by using a hammer or pressure. The forging process builds a delicate grain structure and improves the physical properties of the metal.
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